The Constitution of Bangladesh is the supreme law of the country. It was adopted in 1972, after the country gained independence from Pakistan, and has been amended several times since then. Here are some key features of the Constitution of Bangladesh:
- Federal system: The Constitution establishes Bangladesh as a federal republic, with a president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government.
- Parliamentary democracy: The Constitution provides for a parliamentary form of government, in which the executive branch is responsible to the legislature.
- Bill of Rights: The Constitution guarantees certain fundamental rights to all citizens, such as freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, as well as the right to education and property.
- Separation of powers: The Constitution divides the powers of the state into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Each branch is independent of the others and has its own specific powers and functions.
- Directive principles of state policy: The Constitution sets out certain principles that the government must follow in formulating its policies and programs. These include provisions for the promotion of social justice, economic development, and the protection of the environment.
- Independence of the judiciary: The Constitution guarantees the independence of the judiciary and provides for the establishment of a Supreme Court and other courts to interpret and apply the law.
- Official language: The Constitution declares Bangla as the official language of Bangladesh, but also guarantees the use of English for official purposes.
- Amendment process: The Constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority vote of the parliament, subject to the approval of the president.